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James Kirkwood (c.1650–1708 or 1709) was a Church of Scotland minister, advocate of free parish libraries, and promoter of Scottish Gaelic language literacy.〔http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/15/101015682/〕 He was behind the Bible translations into Scottish Gaelic of Robert Kirk.〔''The spoken word: oral culture in Britain, 1500-1850'' - Page 43 Adam Fox, Daniel R. Woolf - 2002〕 In 1685 he was deprived of the living of ministry for refusing to take the test and moved to England to become rector of Astwick, Bedfordshire, but following the Act of Settlement 1701 was ejected for not abjuring under the Act of Security, which required the taker of the oath to renounce their allegiance to the Stuarts and the Church. ==Life== He was born at Dunbar, about 1650. He graduated M.A. from Edinburgh University in 1670, and after passing his trials before the presbytery of Haddington became domestic chaplain to John Campbell, Earl of Caithness, by whom, on 12 May 1679, he was presented to the living of Minto. Deprived of this benefice after 1 November 1681 for refusing to take the test, Kirkwood, as one of the "outed ministers", migrated to England, where, on 1 March 1685, through the friendship of Gilbert Burnet, he was instituted to the rectory of Astwick, Bedfordshire.〔'〕 In 1690 Kingwood began a correspondence with Robert Boyle on the subject of the Gaelic scriptures for the Highlanders. Boyle presented him with two hundred copies of his Bible in Irish for immediate circulation, and subscribed towards the printing of three thousand more copies, which Kirkwood succeeded in distributing over the north of Scotland, in spite of opposition to his scheme in England, on the ground that it would help preserve Gaelic.〔 Kirkwood on 7 January 1702 was ejected from the living of Astwick for not abjuring "according to the statute 13 and 14 William III." He bequeathed his books and papers to the presbytery of Dunbar.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Kirkwood (Church of Scotland)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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